Bad Air Season Begins in North India: Delhi Still Clean but Experts Warn
Every year, as September transitions into October, the air quality in North India becomes a matter of serious concern. The combination of changing weather, industrial emissions, vehicle pollution, and especially stubble burning in neighboring states, contributes to what many call the "pollution season". This year (2025), the pattern has already begun to unfold. While Delhi’s air remains comparatively clean at present, experts caution that the situation could deteriorate quickly in the coming weeks.
Why Does Air Quality Drop During This Season?
The root causes of bad air quality during September–November in North India are well studied. Cooler weather and slower wind speeds make it harder for pollutants to disperse. Along with this, farmers in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh often resort to stubble burning after harvesting paddy crops. The smoke from these fires travels hundreds of kilometers, settling over Delhi and surrounding cities.
Experts note that while stubble burning is not the only contributor, it is a major seasonal factor that turns Delhi’s skies grey. Added to this are dust storms, emissions from industries, and a high volume of vehicles on the roads.
Current Situation in September 2025
According to early reports, instances of stubble burning have already been detected in certain districts of Punjab. However, favorable weather conditions—particularly wind flow and relatively higher humidity—have so far prevented a drastic rise in Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI).
The AQI in Delhi has remained within the “moderate” category over the past week, providing a temporary sense of relief. Yet, authorities warn that this is only the beginning. As the crop burning intensifies through October, pollution levels are likely to spike.
Health Risks of Worsening Air
Poor air quality is not just an environmental issue—it is a public health crisis. Prolonged exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) can lead to respiratory issues, eye irritation, asthma attacks, and even heart-related problems.
Children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing conditions are at the highest risk. Doctors in Delhi hospitals already anticipate a rise in cases of breathing difficulties, especially among vulnerable groups, as the air worsens.
Government Measures and Policy Efforts
The government has introduced several measures in recent years to combat seasonal pollution:
- Smog Towers: Experimental large-scale air purifiers installed in parts of Delhi.
- Ban on Firecrackers: Strict restrictions during the festive season to reduce additional smoke.
- Crop Management Subsidies: Support for farmers to adopt alternatives like Happy Seeders and other eco-friendly machinery.
- Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP): A policy framework that dictates restrictions (e.g., halting construction work, restricting vehicles) depending on AQI levels.
Despite these steps, challenges remain. Experts argue that unless large-scale alternatives to crop residue burning are implemented, the cycle will repeat year after year.
Role of Citizens in Tackling Pollution
While government action is essential, individuals can also contribute to reducing pollution. Using public transport instead of private cars, switching to cleaner energy sources, and reducing household waste burning are all small but impactful steps.
Citizens can also stay informed through daily AQI updates and take precautions such as wearing masks, using air purifiers indoors, and limiting outdoor activity during high-pollution days.
Expert Warnings for the Coming Weeks
Environmental scientists emphasize that the “cleaner” air currently observed in Delhi is only a short-lived phase. As October approaches, winds will slow down, temperatures will drop, and the intensity of stubble burning will rise.
According to experts, Delhi-NCR may witness severe pollution spikes unless coordinated efforts between states are strengthened. Without such cooperation, residents should brace themselves for another difficult pollution season.
Conclusion
The beginning of the bad air season in North India is a reminder of the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices, stricter enforcement of anti-pollution laws, and greater public awareness.
While Delhi’s current air quality provides a short reprieve, the situation is fragile. Both authorities and citizens must act together to ensure that the annual cycle of choking smog does not continue to define North India’s winters.
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